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Stories](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/web-stories-creation-best-practices) * [Web Story content policy](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/web-stories-content-policy) * Early Adopters Program * [Package tracking](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/package-tracking) * [Structured data carousels (beta)](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/structured-data/carousels-beta) * Monitoring and debugging * [Debug drops in Search traffic](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/monitor-debug/debugging-search-traffic-drops) * Monitor with Search Console * [Get started with Search Console](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/monitor-debug/search-console-start) * [Improve SEO with a bubble chart](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/monitor-debug/bubble-chart-analysis) * [Using Search Console and Google Analytics data for SEO](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/monitor-debug/google-analytics-search-console) * Debug with search operators * [Overview](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/monitor-debug/search-operators) * [site: search operator](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/monitor-debug/search-operators/all-search-site) * [Google Images search operators](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/monitor-debug/search-operators/image-search) * Preventing and monitoring abuse * [Overview](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/monitor-debug/security) * [Prevent user-generated spam](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/monitor-debug/prevent-abuse) * [Malware and unwanted software](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/monitor-debug/security/malware) * [Prevent a malware infection](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/monitor-debug/security/prevent-malware) * [Social engineering (phishing and deceptive sites)](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/monitor-debug/security/social-engineering) * [Google Safe Browsing Repeat Offenders Policy](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/monitor-debug/security/safe-browsing-repeat-offenders) * [Get started with Google Trends](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/monitor-debug/trends-start) * Site-specific guides * Ecommerce * [Overview](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/specialty/ecommerce) * [Where content can appear](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/specialty/ecommerce/where-ecommerce-data-can-appear-on-google) * [Share product data](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/specialty/ecommerce/share-your-product-data-with-google) * [Include structured data](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/specialty/ecommerce/include-structured-data-relevant-to-ecommerce) * [Launch a new website](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/specialty/ecommerce/how-to-launch-an-ecommerce-website) * [Write high quality reviews](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/specialty/ecommerce/write-high-quality-reviews) * [Design a URL structure](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/specialty/ecommerce/designing-a-url-structure-for-ecommerce-sites) * [Ecommerce site structure](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/specialty/ecommerce/help-google-understand-your-ecommerce-site-structure) * [Pagination, incremental page loading, and Search](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/specialty/ecommerce/pagination-and-incremental-page-loading) * International and multilingual * [Overview](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/specialty/international) * [Managing multi-regional and multilingual sites](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/specialty/international/managing-multi-regional-sites) * [Tell Google about localized versions of your page](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/specialty/international/localized-versions) * [How Google crawls locale-adaptive pages](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/specialty/international/locale-adaptive-pages) * Explicit content * [Guidelines for sites with explicit content](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/specialty/explicit/guidelines) * [What to do if your site is incorrectly flagged as explicit](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/specialty/explicit/troubleshooting) * SEO fundamentals * [Introduction](https://developers.google.com/search/docs) * [Search Essentials](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/essentials) * [SEO Starter Guide](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/fundamentals/seo-starter-guide) * [Optimizing for generative AI search](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/fundamentals/ai-optimization-guide) * [How Google Search Works](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/fundamentals/how-search-works) * [Do you need an SEO?](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/fundamentals/do-i-need-seo) * Crawling and indexing * [Sitemaps](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/sitemaps/overview) * [robots.txt](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/robots/intro) * [Meta tags](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/special-tags) * [Crawler management](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/ask-google-to-recrawl) * [Removals](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/control-what-you-share) * [Canonicalization](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/consolidate-duplicate-urls) * [Redirects](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/301-redirects) * [JavaScript SEO](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/javascript/javascript-seo-basics) * Ranking and search appearance * [Visual Elements gallery](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/visual-elements-gallery) * [Title links](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/title-link) * [Snippets](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/snippet) * [Images](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/google-images) * [Videos](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/video) * [Structured data](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/structured-data/search-gallery) * [Favicons](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/favicon-in-search) * Site-specific guides * [Ecommerce](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/specialty/ecommerce) * [International and multilingual sites](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/specialty/international) * Data analysis * [Get started with Search Console](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/monitor-debug/search-console-start) * [Debug traffic drops](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/monitor-debug/debugging-search-traffic-drops) * [Using Search Console and Google Analytics data for 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Instead, we recommend that you use [server-side rendering](https://web.dev/articles/rendering-on-the-web#server-side) , [static rendering](https://web.dev/articles/rendering-on-the-web#static) , or [hydration](https://web.dev/articles/rendering-on-the-web#rehydration) as a solution. On some websites, JavaScript loads additional content when the page is open in a browser. This is called [client-side rendering](https://web.dev/articles/rendering-on-the-web#client-side) . Google Search sees this content along with the content in the HTML of a website. Keep in mind that there are some [limitations for JavaScript in Google Search](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/javascript/javascript-seo-basics#write-compatible-code) and some pages may encounter problems with content not showing up in the rendered HTML. Other search engines may choose to ignore JavaScript and won't see JavaScript-generated content. Dynamic rendering is a workaround for websites where JavaScript-generated content is not available to search engines. A dynamic rendering server detects bots that may have problems with JavaScript-generated content and serves a server-rendered version without JavaScript to these bots while showing the client-side rendered version of the content to users. Dynamic rendering is a workaround and not a recommended solution, because it creates additional complexities and resource requirements. Sites that might use dynamic rendering -------------------------------------- Dynamic rendering was a workaround for indexable, public JavaScript-generated content that changes rapidly, or content that uses [JavaScript features that aren't supported by the crawlers](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/guides/rendering) you care about. Not all sites need to use dynamic rendering, and there are better solutions than dynamic rendering as explained in [an overview of rendering on the web](https://web.dev/articles/rendering-on-the-web) . Understand how dynamic rendering works -------------------------------------- Dynamic rendering requires your web server to detect crawlers (for example, by checking the user agent). When your web server identifies a request from a crawler that does not support JavaScript or the JavaScript features required to render your content, this request is routed to a rendering server. Requests from users and crawlers without JavaScript issues are served normally. The rendering server responds to requests with a version of the content that's suitable to the crawler, for example, it may serve a static HTML version. You can choose to enable the dynamic renderer for all pages or on a per-page basis. ![A diagram that shows how dynamic rendering works. The diagram shows the server serving\ initial HTML and JavaScript content directly to the browser. In contrast, the diagram\ shows the server serving initial HTML and JavaScript to a renderer, which converts the\ initial HTML and JavaScript to static HTML. Once the content is converted, the\ renderer serves static HTML to the crawler.](https://developers.google.com/static/search/docs/images/how-dynamic-rendering-works.png) Dynamic rendering is not cloaking --------------------------------- Googlebot generally doesn't consider dynamic rendering as [cloaking](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/essentials/spam-policies#cloaking) . As long as your dynamic rendering produces similar content, Googlebot won't view dynamic rendering as cloaking. When you're setting up dynamic rendering, your site may produce error pages. Googlebot doesn't consider these error pages as cloaking and [treats the error as any other error page](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/javascript/javascript-seo-basics#use-meaningful-http-status-codes) . Using dynamic rendering to serve completely different content to users and crawlers can be considered cloaking. For example, a website that serves a page about cats to users and a page about dogs to crawlers is cloaking. Send feedback Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , and code samples are licensed under the [Apache 2.0 License](https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0) . For details, see the [Google Developers Site Policies](https://developers.google.com/site-policies) . Java is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates. 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