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Stories](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/web-stories-creation-best-practices) * [Web Story content policy](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/web-stories-content-policy) * Early Adopters Program * [Package tracking](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/package-tracking) * [Structured data carousels (beta)](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/structured-data/carousels-beta) * Monitoring and debugging * [Debug drops in Search traffic](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/monitor-debug/debugging-search-traffic-drops) * Monitor with Search Console * [Get started with Search Console](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/monitor-debug/search-console-start) * [Improve SEO with a bubble chart](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/monitor-debug/bubble-chart-analysis) * [Using Search Console and Google Analytics data for SEO](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/monitor-debug/google-analytics-search-console) * Debug with search operators * [Overview](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/monitor-debug/search-operators) * [site: search operator](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/monitor-debug/search-operators/all-search-site) * [Google Images search operators](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/monitor-debug/search-operators/image-search) * Preventing and monitoring abuse * [Overview](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/monitor-debug/security) * [Prevent user-generated spam](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/monitor-debug/prevent-abuse) * [Malware and unwanted software](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/monitor-debug/security/malware) * [Prevent a malware infection](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/monitor-debug/security/prevent-malware) * [Social engineering (phishing and deceptive sites)](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/monitor-debug/security/social-engineering) * [Google Safe Browsing Repeat Offenders Policy](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/monitor-debug/security/safe-browsing-repeat-offenders) * [Get started with Google Trends](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/monitor-debug/trends-start) * Site-specific guides * Ecommerce * [Overview](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/specialty/ecommerce) * [Where content can appear](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/specialty/ecommerce/where-ecommerce-data-can-appear-on-google) * [Share product data](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/specialty/ecommerce/share-your-product-data-with-google) * [Include structured data](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/specialty/ecommerce/include-structured-data-relevant-to-ecommerce) * [Launch a new website](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/specialty/ecommerce/how-to-launch-an-ecommerce-website) * [Write high quality reviews](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/specialty/ecommerce/write-high-quality-reviews) * [Design a URL structure](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/specialty/ecommerce/designing-a-url-structure-for-ecommerce-sites) * [Ecommerce site structure](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/specialty/ecommerce/help-google-understand-your-ecommerce-site-structure) * [Pagination, incremental page loading, and Search](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/specialty/ecommerce/pagination-and-incremental-page-loading) * International and multilingual * [Overview](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/specialty/international) * [Managing multi-regional and multilingual sites](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/specialty/international/managing-multi-regional-sites) * [Tell Google about localized versions of your page](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/specialty/international/localized-versions) * [How Google crawls locale-adaptive pages](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/specialty/international/locale-adaptive-pages) * Explicit content * [Guidelines for sites with explicit content](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/specialty/explicit/guidelines) * [What to do if your site is incorrectly flagged as explicit](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/specialty/explicit/troubleshooting) * SEO fundamentals * [Introduction](https://developers.google.com/search/docs) * [Search Essentials](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/essentials) * [SEO Starter Guide](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/fundamentals/seo-starter-guide) * [Optimizing for generative AI search](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/fundamentals/ai-optimization-guide) * [How Google Search Works](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/fundamentals/how-search-works) * [Do you need an SEO?](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/fundamentals/do-i-need-seo) * Crawling and indexing * [Sitemaps](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/sitemaps/overview) * [robots.txt](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/robots/intro) * [Meta tags](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/special-tags) * [Crawler management](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/ask-google-to-recrawl) * [Removals](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/control-what-you-share) * [Canonicalization](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/consolidate-duplicate-urls) * [Redirects](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/301-redirects) * [JavaScript SEO](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/javascript/javascript-seo-basics) * Ranking and search appearance * [Visual Elements gallery](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/visual-elements-gallery) * [Title links](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/title-link) * [Snippets](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/snippet) * [Images](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/google-images) * [Videos](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/video) * [Structured data](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/structured-data/search-gallery) * [Favicons](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/favicon-in-search) * Site-specific guides * [Ecommerce](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/specialty/ecommerce) * [International and multilingual sites](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/specialty/international) * Data analysis * [Get started with Search Console](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/monitor-debug/search-console-start) * [Debug traffic drops](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/monitor-debug/debugging-search-traffic-drops) * [Using Search Console and Google Analytics data for SEO](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/monitor-debug/google-analytics-search-console) * [Get started with Google Trends](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/monitor-debug/trends-start) * [All updates](https://developers.google.com/search/news) * [Documentation updates](https://developers.google.com/search/updates) * [Ranking updates](https://status.search.google.com/products/rGHU1u87FJnkP6W2GwMi/history) * [New YouTube videos](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCWf2ZlNsCGDS89VBF_awNvA) * [Recent podcast episodes](https://pod.link/1512522198) * [Home](https://developers.google.com/) * [Search Central](https://developers.google.com/search) * [Documentation](https://developers.google.com/search/docs) Send feedback Mobile site and mobile-first indexing best practices ==================================================== Google uses the mobile version of a site's content, crawled with the [smartphone agent](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/overview-google-crawlers) , for indexing and ranking. This is called **mobile-first indexing**. While it's not required to have a mobile version of your pages to have your content included in Google's Search results, it is very strongly recommended. These best practices apply to mobile sites in general, and by definition to mobile-first indexing. To make sure that your users have the best experience, follow the best practices detailed in this guide. Create a mobile-friendly site ----------------------------- If you haven't already, create a mobile-friendly website so your users visiting your site through a mobile phone can have a stellar experience. There are three configurations you can choose from to create a mobile-friendly site: * [**Responsive design:**](https://web.dev/learn/design) Serves the same HTML code on the same URL regardless of the users' device (for example, desktop, tablet, mobile, non-visual browser), but can display the content differently based on the screen size. **Google recommends Responsive Web Design because it's the easiest design pattern to implement and maintain.** * **Dynamic serving:** Uses the same URL regardless of device. This configuration relies on [`user-agent` sniffing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Browser_sniffing) and the [`Vary: user-agent` HTTP response header](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Vary) to serve a different version of the HTML to different devices. * **Separate URLs:** Serves different HTML to each device, and on separate URLs. Like dynamic serving, this configuration relies on the `user-agent` and `Vary` HTTP headers to redirect users to the device-appropriate version of the site. The contents of this guide only apply to dynamic serving and separate URL configurations. In case of responsive design, the content and the metadata are the same on the mobile and desktop version of the pages. **If you use a CMS, such as Wix or Blogger**, you might need to find a new mobile-friendly theme for your site if you can't modify your existing theme. Try searching for the name of your CMS and "mobile friendly", for example, "wix mobile friendly". Make sure that Google can access and render your content -------------------------------------------------------- Make sure that Google can access and render your mobile page content and resources. * **Use the same robots `meta` tags on the mobile and desktop site.** If you use a different robots `meta` tag on the mobile site (especially the `noindex` or `nofollow` tags), Google may fail to crawl and index your page when your site is enabled for mobile-first indexing. * **Don't lazy-load primary content upon user interaction.** Google won't load content that requires user interactions (for example, swiping, clicking, or typing) to load. [Make sure that Google can see lazy-loaded content](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/javascript/lazy-loading) . * **Let Google crawl your resources.** Some resources have different URLs on the mobile site from those on the desktop site. If you want Google to crawl your URLs, make sure that you're not blocking the URL with the [`disallow` rule](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/robots/robots_txt#disallow) . Make sure that content is the same on desktop and mobile -------------------------------------------------------- Even with the equivalent content, differences in DOM or layout between desktop and mobile page can result in Google understanding the content differently. However having the same content on the desktop and mobile version ensures that the two versions can rank for the same keywords. * **Make sure that your mobile site contains the same content as your desktop site.** If your mobile site has less content than your desktop site, consider updating your mobile site so that its primary content is equivalent to your desktop site. You can have a different design on mobile to maximize user experience (for example, moving content into accordions or tabs); just make sure that the content is equivalent to the desktop site, since indexing on your site comes from the mobile site. If it's your intention that the mobile page should have less content than the desktop page, you can expect some traffic loss when your site is enabled mobile-first indexing, since Google can't get as much information from your page as before. Instead of removing content, consider moving content into accordions or tabs to save space. * **Use the same clear and meaningful headings** on the mobile site as you do on the desktop site. Check your structured data -------------------------- If you have structured data on your site, make sure that it's present on both versions of your site. Here are some specific things to check: * **Make sure that your mobile and desktop sites have the same structured data.** If you have to prioritize which types you add to your mobile site, start with [`Breadcrumb`](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/structured-data/breadcrumb) , [`Product`](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/structured-data/product) , and [`VideoObject`](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/structured-data/video) structured data. * **Use correct URLs in structured data.** Make sure that URLs in the structured data on the mobile versions are updated to the mobile URLs. * **If you use Data Highlighter, train it on your mobile site.** If you use [Data Highlighter](https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/2692911) to provide structured data, regularly check the [Data Highlighter dashboard](https://www.google.com/webmasters/tools/data-highlighter) for extraction errors. Put the same metadata on both versions of your site --------------------------------------------------- Make sure that the [`title` element](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/title-link#page-titles) and the [meta description](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/snippet#meta-descriptions) are equivalent across both versions of your site. Check the placement of your ads ------------------------------- Don't let ads harm your mobile page ranking. Follow the [Better Ads Standard](https://www.betterads.org/standards/) when displaying ads on mobile devices. For example, ads at the top of the page can take up too much room on a mobile device, which is a bad user experience Check visual content -------------------- ### Check your images Make sure that the images on your mobile site follow the [image best practices](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/google-images) . In particular, we recommend that you: * **Provide [high quality images](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/google-images#good-quality-photos) .** Don't use images that are too small or have a low resolution on the mobile site. * **Use a [supported format for images](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/google-images#supported-image-formats) .** Don't use unsupported formats or tags. For example, Google supports SVG format images, but our systems can't index a .jpg image in the `` tag inside an inline SVG. * **Don't use URLs that change every time the page loads for images.** Google won't be able to process and index your resources properly if you use constantly-changing URLs for them. * **Make sure that the mobile site has the same alt text for images as the desktop site.** Use [descriptive alt text](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/google-images#descriptive-alt-text) for images on your mobile site as you do on your desktop site. * **Make sure that the mobile page content quality is as good as the desktop page.** Use the same [titles, captions, filenames, and text](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/google-images#descriptive-titles-captions-filenames) relevant to the images on the mobile site as you do for the desktop site. **If your site is using different image URLs for the desktop and mobile site, you may see a temporary image traffic loss while your site transitions to mobile-first indexing.** This is because the image URLs on the mobile site are new to Google indexing, and it will take some time for the new image URLs to gain enough historical search results to get a better ranking. To avoid a temporary image traffic loss, use the same image URLs across both versions of your site. If you don't mind a temporary image traffic loss, you don't need to take any action. ### Check your videos Make sure that the videos on your mobile site follow the [video best practices](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/video) . In particular, we recommend that you: * **Don't use URLs that change every time the page loads for your videos.** Google won't be able to process and index your resources properly if you use constantly changing URLs for them. * **Use a [supported format](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/video#file-types)** for your videos and put videos in supported tags. Videos are identified in the page by the presence of an HTML tag, for example: `